Formative and Summative Assessment Notes

Formative and Summative Assessment: Formative assessment provides feedback to improve learning during the learning process, while summative assessment evaluates learning at the end of a learning period.

INTRODUCTION

Formative and summative assessments are two different types of assessments that serve different purposes in the learning process.

Formative Assessment

This is an ongoing process that occurs during the learning process. It provides feedback to students and teachers on their progress towards the learning goals, identifies areas of strengths and weaknesses, and helps to guide instruction. Formative assessments can take many forms, such as quizzes, discussions, observations, and written responses.

The goal of formative assessment is to identify areas of misunderstanding or difficulty early on, so that teachers can adjust their teaching strategies to meet the needs of their students. The feedback provided through formative assessment helps students to better understand what they are learning and how they can improve their learning.

In other words, formative assessment is done to monitor/test the student’s learning and it provides ongoing feedback that can be further used by students to improve their learning. This assessment is done in between session to improve the teaching methodologies of the teachers as well.

Summative Assessment

This is an evaluation of learning that occurs at the end of a learning period. It is used to measure the knowledge and skills that a student has acquired throughout a course or unit of study. Summative assessments can take many forms, such as exams, final projects, essays, or standardized tests.

The goal of summative assessment is to measure the overall achievement of the student and to determine whether the learning goals have been met. The results of summative assessments are typically used for grading, ranking, or certification purposes.

In other words, Summative Assessment is done to evaluate the student’s learning and overall competencies. It is done at the end of the session or the end of the instruction module. In this kind of assessment, improvement is not possible as it is done at the end of the session or term.

Definitions of Formative and Summative Assessment

We have listed some definitions of formative and summative assessment provided by experts:

According to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Formative assessment is “a process used by teachers and students during instruction that provides feedback to adjust ongoing teaching and learning to improve students’ achievement of intended instructional outcomes.”

The American Psychological Association defines Summative Assessment as
“An evaluation of student learning at the end of a unit, course, semester, or academic year that compares student knowledge or skills against a standard or benchmark.”

Difference Between Formative and Summative Assessment

Formative Assessment	Summative Assessment
1. Formative assessment is ongoing and occurs during the learning process.	1. But summative assessment occurs at the end of a period of instruction.
2. Formative assessment provides feedback to students and teachers to guide instruction and improve learning.	2. Summative assessment provides a final evaluation of student learning.
3. Formative assessment focuses on the process of learning, identifying areas of strengths and weaknesses and adjusting instruction accordingly.	3. Summative assessment focuses on the outcome of learning and measures the overall achievement of the student.
4. Formative assessment can take many forms, such as quizzes, discussions, observations, and written responses.	4. This assessment typically takes the form of exams, final projects, essays, or standardized tests.
5. The results of formative assessment are used to adjust instruction and improve learning.	5. While the results of summative assessment are typically used for grading, ranking, or certification purposes.
6. The purpose of formative assessment is to monitor student learning and provide feedback to improve instruction.	6. But , while the purpose of summative assessment is to measure student achievement at the end of a unit, course, or program.
7. Formative assessment is ongoing and can be conducted multiple times during a learning period.	7. The summative assessment is conducted once at the end of the period.
8. Formative assessment is ongoing and can be conducted multiple times during a learning period.	8. While summative assessment is conducted once at the end of the period.
9. This assessment takes place within the context of the learning process.	9. The summative assessment takes place after the learning process has ended.
10. In formative assessment, the teacher plays an active role in providing feedback and adjusting instruction.	10. In summative assessment, the teacher’s role is primarily to evaluate student learning.

More Differences Between Formative and Summative Assessment Assignment Notes

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B.Ed Paper 2 Assessment for Learning Notes notes MDU group of tutors

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Formative and Summative Assessment B.Ed Paper 2 notes group of tutors

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Important Questions

1. What is Self Assessment?
2. What do you understand by Scales of Measurement?
3. Calculate the Standard Deviation of the following data 50, 52, 56, 68, 65, 62, 57, 70.
4. Describe the concept of assessment and evaluation. Illustrate the difference between Assessment, Measurement, and Evaluation.
56. What is the meaning of instructional objectives? Describe the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (2000) for Instructional Objectives with special emphasis on its need for revision.
6. What is Evaluation? Discuss the different tools of evaluation and their uses.
7. Explain the concept of a diagnostic test, What are the types of diagnostic tests? Describe the process and uses of diagnostic tests.
8. What do you mean by Semester System?
9. What do you mean by Question Bank?
10. What is the Normal Probability Curve (NPC)? Explain the characteristics and applications of NPC.
11. What is a geographical representation of data? Explain with illustrations.

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